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For context: I am visiting Portugal from Australia and after observing that people tend to start their days later, I realised that solar noon also seems to occur at a later time - about 1.20pm at the moment. I don't recall solar noon every occurring at such a late time in Australia. When and where is the latest solar noon on earth?

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    $\begingroup$ This really is more about local definitions of time relative to Zulu than about anything astronomical. $\endgroup$
    – Carl Witthoft
    Oct 17, 2016 at 12:16

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That should be in western China, since all of China uses Beijing's time zone.

Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_China

--- Edit below ---

In response to the comment by @adrianmcmenamin: I'll leave this as guesswork since I simply don't know the peculiarities of every timezone there is. Here's a back-of-the-envelope calculation for local noon in western China.

The Sun covers 15 degrees in a period of 1 hour. All of China is on Beijing time (UTC + 8 hours). With the above, it's centred on $15 \cdot 8 = 120^{\circ}$ east. As a consistency check, Beijing is at $116^{\circ}$ east. The westernmost part of China is at about $73^\circ$ east (See here). Local noon there is delayed by $(120^\circ - 73^\circ)/(15^\circ/h) \simeq 3h$.

So, local noon is a little later than 3pm. This is discounting daylight savings time, which is not currently observed in China.

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  • $\begingroup$ Please don't make guesses by way of answers. This would have been better as a comment. $\endgroup$
    – adrianmcmenamin
    Oct 15, 2016 at 22:08
  • $\begingroup$ Kashgar, China, which is just about the westernmost town in China, experiences solar noon around the beginning of February at about 3:10 PM, so I guess my answer of Adak, Alaska doesn't quite make it. $\endgroup$
    – BillDOe
    Oct 17, 2016 at 17:30
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It's probably a neighbourhood of the South Pole. You use New Zealand time there, but the longitude varies from 0 to 360 degrees, so the solar noon is at midnight at some places. And also in some regions of northern Antarctica there are deviations in solar noon up to 7 hours, because time zones are very large there. But if you want some inhabited civil settlement, it's St George, USA, Aleut islands - solar noon happens there around 15:02 - 15:27 in warm period, and also this is the farthest from poles inhabited place (and probably any land) with midnight sun - from 5 Jul to 14 Jul the Sun sets there around midnight and rises around 6:30 am, even though it's on the same latitude with Riga and Edinburgh. In Jigenxiang, the westernmost settlement in China, solar noon is on 15:17 in February. Then, theoretically, in westernmost point of China, solar noon is around 15:19 in February. **Actually Attu, Canada has 15:37 solar noon on 10-11 March (but St George still has farthest from poles polar day - in Attu latest sunset is at 23:56)

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I believe that honor may belong to Adak, Alaska where solar noon does not occur during DST until 2:52 PM, or 1:52 Standard Time. All of Alaska is on Juneau time. You can check it here.

Edit:There are maps here that show the offset between local and solar time. It's pretty informative. There may be other areas besides western China where solar noon is very late (maybe I'll modify a spreadsheet and see if I can some up with something).

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  • $\begingroup$ Please see my comment to the answer provided by @Alex. Western China seems to be the correct answer. $\endgroup$
    – BillDOe
    Oct 17, 2016 at 17:31
  • $\begingroup$ We'll both be wrong if someone in the central Pacific decides to move their country to the other side of the international dateline - noon will be 24 hours off :-) Great map in the link, btw. $\endgroup$
    – Alex
    Oct 18, 2016 at 18:59
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It is also very late in Vigo, Spain: https://www.timeanddate.com/sun/spain/vigo Solar noon is at 2.40 pm by the end of July and at 1.50 pm in mid-February (due to DST, otherwise, would be 2.50 pm). Should Spain decide to live with DST (Europe will probably stop moving clocks soon, according to their vote) North-Western part of Spain will live with solar noons occurring at about 3 pm all the year round ;) image: enter image description herethe solar path around the year

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It was Kashgar in China back in 1991 when there was DST. Noon occured at 4:10 pm and sunrise and 8:30 am and sunset at 11:45 pm. Civil twilight continued even after midnight.

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Made me look. On October 15 Portugal was still observing daylight saving time. The local time for continental Portugal was one hour later than UTC and the country is about 8 degrees west longitude, which adds another 32 minutes, but the equation of time on October 15 subtracts 14 minutes. The Sun should be due south at 1:04 PM plus or minus as much as 4 minutes depending on location within the country.

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I personally set my clock when i'm in holiday vacation putting my clock to Zone from UTC+8:00 to UTC+14:00 having twilight:10:00 AM-11:30 AM (morning) then 0:30 AM-1:45 AM with solar noon close to 17:45 and Sunrise and Sunset 11:45 AM to 12:45 AM (next calendar day) i do this to accommodate with my friends who lives in Los Angeles...

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I from Philippines experimented the biggest daylight saving time and i did get a sunrise of 11:45 am or 12:00 pm and solar noon occured at 7:30 pm and twilight continues even until the next calendar day it was on between 2019-2020

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