There is a lot of detail in my answer to If Alpha Centauri A's solar system exactly mirrored our own, what would we be able to detect? I showed that current Doppler techniques and transit techniques would be unlikely to detect the Earth at the distance of Alpha Cen.
It does not get any easier if you are further away. Stars are point sources at 1pc or 200pc, so these spatially unresolved techniques just care what signal level is being received - further away is worse.
In the case of Doppler techniques we need an improvement in radial velocity precision and stability of a factor of a few.
With transits, Kepler was almost there. So another Kepler with a slightly bigger telescope that observed the Sun for say 5 years would do the trick (if the orbital inclination was about 90 degrees). The reason Kepler 22b was just detected is because it has twice the Earth's radius so eclipses 4 times the area and gives a deeper transit signal for a Sun-like star. It is this contrast that is the key to transit detectability.
Maybe the missing piece of information here is that there is a floor level to photometric precision that can't be bettered even if the star is close and bright. So long as you can reach this level in a time shorter than any transit, then the distance is irrelevant, all that matters is the fractional change in the brightness during transit and the number of transits you observe. The first of these grows as the square of the planet radius (for a fixed stellar radius), the second just depends on the length of your mission divided by the orbital period.
The bottom line here is that the Earth in an Earth-like orbit around a Sun-like star would not quite be detectable by Kepler in a Kepler-length mission, even if it were very close and nor if it were further away.