tl;dr: The key part the question is the phrase
...from the asteroid belt...
There are lots of asteroids and only some of them are considered to be in "the asteroid belt" or to be main-belt asteroids. As @zephyr's answer to the question Do astronomers generally agree that the distinction between comets and astroids is not so clear? points out, even the definition of what is or isn't an asteroid is under debate and review. To the question of which is the farthest a main belt asteroid can get from the Sun, the answer depends on exactly how you draw your line.
There are also families and groups of asteroids, and while these have visually clear clumps and clusters when plotted in certain ways, they may not have absolute universally accepted definitions of who's in and who's out.
See this and this for some families within the main belt.
While the OP"s link says
The Asteroid Belt is located in an area of space between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. That places it between 2.2 and 3.2 astronomical units (AU) from the Sun. The belt is about 1 AU thick.
that wording seems awkward since "between the orbits of between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter" only really puts it between 1.4 and 5.5 AU.
The first sentence of Wikipedia's Asteroid belt says:
The asteroid belt is the circumstellar disc in the Solar System located roughly between the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter
repeat, "roughly" and it goes on to say
The asteroid belt is also termed the main asteroid belt or main belt to distinguish it from other asteroid populations in the Solar System such as near-Earth asteroids and trojan asteroids.
The article also includes the figure shown below, showing that there are plenty of other groups of asteroids besides those designated as "main belt". I am not sure if there is a 100% absolutely IAU-official definition that you can apply to any set of orbital parameters that will return Yes or No to the question "is this one main belt?" but in general it looks like asteroids with a semimajor axis beyond 3.3 AU, or a high eccentricity, or a high inclination would not be called "main belt" by most astronomers.
As @PM2Ring points out Kirkwood Gaps delineate statistical sub-groupings of the main belt.
A Kirkwood gap is a gap or dip in the distribution of the semi-major axes (or equivalently of the orbital periods) of the orbits of main-belt asteroids. They correspond to the locations of orbital resonances with Jupiter.
You can see that while there is a minimum around 3.3 AU due to the 2:1 resonance, there are "green" stragglers extending to the right that continue on past the arbitrary 3.5 AU edge of this plot of "main belt asteroids".
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Screen shot from Scott Manley's video What Rock Star Brian May Discovered About Interplanetary Dust
which gives a better idea that there are groups and stragglers than the image in the OP's link:
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