I know Hawking Radiation has firm theoretical footing, but has a signal ever actually been observed? What observational research is being done to attempt to see this effect? Is it simply too tall an order (i.e. - too far away, too weak of a signal, etc..)?
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2$\begingroup$ As far as I know, the answer is no for the first to questions. But I'm uncertain about the last, I bet there's some ingenious technique stashed somewhere in the arXiv. I'll try to look for one when I have the time. $\endgroup$– ManishearthCommented Sep 28, 2013 at 16:44
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$\begingroup$ Perhaps, the answer in the following link be helpful for the physics enthusiasts: astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/43376/… $\endgroup$– Ad AstraCommented Apr 15, 2021 at 18:19
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According to this MIT Technology Review "First Observation of Hawking Radiation" and an associated article "Hawking radiation from ultrashort laser pulse filaments" where the authors have simulated Hawking radiation in the laboratory, using ultrashort laser pulse filaments.
So, in part answer to your question, yes Hawking Radiation is believed to have been observed, but in a laboratory environment.
According to "Observing Hawking radiation in Bose-Einstein condensates via correlation measurements" (Fabbri, 2012), direct observation of the Hawking radiation is (in their word): hopeless.
However, once again simulations are possible:
Hawking effect, which depends only on kinematical properties of wave propagation in the presence of horizons, is present also in nongravitational contexts, for instance in stationary fluids undergoing supersonic flow.
From these articles, it would seem that direct observations of Hawking radiation is not feasible currently; however, we are able to produce analogues of the phenomena in the laboratory.