For instance, the month of October is called the month of Leo, but you will mainly see Aries, Taurus and the Southern skies during October, Leo isn't very prominent. So how is the zodiac decided?
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The Zodiac sign of a month is decided by the month when the Sun is "in" that sign from the point of view of Earth.
(See Mike G's comment below - because of the precession of the Earth, Zodiac signs are now 30 degrees "off" from their original markings/associations with the months of the year.)
I believe that August is actually the month of the Leo, not October - more specifically, July 23 to August 23. (see here for more date info) If you look at the diagram, you'll see that the Sun is right in front of Leo from the point of view of Earth during the month of most of August, and thus we call that the month of the Leo. Some more examples - during October, the month of Libra, the Sun is directly in front of Libra, and during March, the month of Pisces, the Sun is directly in front of Pisces.
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2$\begingroup$ The signs are currently ~30° west of their namesake constellations due to ~2000 years of precession of the equinoxes. $\endgroup$– Mike GCommented Dec 5, 2020 at 18:18
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$\begingroup$ @MikeG Ah, you're right - thank you for mentioning that, I'll point that out in my answer :). $\endgroup$ Commented Dec 5, 2020 at 18:21