Which one of the gas and ice giants of our solar system has the least varying orbital characteristics (obliquity, eccentricity etc.)?
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1$\begingroup$ You might be interested in checking this textbook: "Solar System Dynamics" by Murray & Dermott. $\endgroup$– nuweAug 1, 2022 at 12:38
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1$\begingroup$ Anything you researched on your question yourself, any sources you checked already? $\endgroup$– planetmakerAug 1, 2022 at 15:15
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2$\begingroup$ You could probably get all this from Wikipedia E.g en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity $\endgroup$– user438383Aug 1, 2022 at 15:21
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1$\begingroup$ @planetmaker I did research but could not find the minimum and maximums of Saturn and Jupiter $\endgroup$– איתי מרלובAug 1, 2022 at 16:03
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2$\begingroup$ There's a big difference between "a brief look at one wikipedia page did not give me any results", "this article in scientific american stated varying values of the ascending node, but not obliquity and eccentricity - where can I find those?" and "I searched ADS, arxiv, etc. and the papers X,Y and Z don't agree, what is the actual variance of the planets' obliquity and eccentricity?" What level of research did you do and what level of answer do you need? Please phrase your question accordingly. Please also see stackoverflow.com/help/how-to-ask $\endgroup$– planetmakerAug 1, 2022 at 16:41
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1 Answer
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JPL Solar System Dynamics has produced the variations. The original page is not available that I can find but the Wayback Machine has it archived, and I have included a copy below. The first line for each are the orbital elements, and the second line are the variations per century. They are valid from 1800-2050AD.
A second set of elements and variations, valid from 3000BC to 3000AD is also available, but have some extra terms beyond linear variations.
These elements also appear in the Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac with steps on how to use them to create a simple, low accuracy ephemeris. I have implemented this ephemeris here.
a e I L long.peri. long.node.
AU, AU/Cy rad, rad/Cy deg, deg/Cy deg, deg/Cy deg, deg/Cy deg, deg/Cy
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Mercury 0.38709927 0.20563593 7.00497902 252.25032350 77.45779628 48.33076593
0.00000037 0.00001906 -0.00594749 149472.67411175 0.16047689 -0.12534081
Venus 0.72333566 0.00677672 3.39467605 181.97909950 131.60246718 76.67984255
0.00000390 -0.00004107 -0.00078890 58517.81538729 0.00268329 -0.27769418
EM Bary 1.00000261 0.01671123 -0.00001531 100.46457166 102.93768193 0.0
0.00000562 -0.00004392 -0.01294668 35999.37244981 0.32327364 0.0
Mars 1.52371034 0.09339410 1.84969142 -4.55343205 -23.94362959 49.55953891
0.00001847 0.00007882 -0.00813131 19140.30268499 0.44441088 -0.29257343
Jupiter 5.20288700 0.04838624 1.30439695 34.39644051 14.72847983 100.47390909
-0.00011607 -0.00013253 -0.00183714 3034.74612775 0.21252668 0.20469106
Saturn 9.53667594 0.05386179 2.48599187 49.95424423 92.59887831 113.66242448
-0.00125060 -0.00050991 0.00193609 1222.49362201 -0.41897216 -0.28867794
Uranus 19.18916464 0.04725744 0.77263783 313.23810451 170.95427630 74.01692503
-0.00196176 -0.00004397 -0.00242939 428.48202785 0.40805281 0.04240589
Neptune 30.06992276 0.00859048 1.77004347 -55.12002969 44.96476227 131.78422574
0.00026291 0.00005105 0.00035372 218.45945325 -0.32241464 -0.00508664
Pluto 39.48211675 0.24882730 17.14001206 238.92903833 224.06891629 110.30393684
-0.00031596 0.00005170 0.00004818 145.20780515 -0.04062942 -0.01183482
answered Aug 2, 2022 at 18:37
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1$\begingroup$ Those elements tables are on ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/approx_pos.html There's all sorts of goodies on the SSD FTP browser, which has an HTML portal: ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp $\endgroup$– PM 2RingAug 2, 2022 at 19:16