The sun currently accounts for more than 99.86% of the mass of the solar system. Based on spectrographic estimates of the composition of the sun and its centrifugal position and the mass of metals, you can deduce it also contains the most of all kinds of metals.
Here is an example to illustrate:
- The milky way contains roughly 0.00011% of $\mathrm{Fe}$ (1.1ppm).
- The sun contains roughly 0.1% of $\mathrm{Fe}$, it contains about 333 earth masses of $\mathrm{Fe}$.
- The planets combined weigh about 500 earth masses.
- The sun contains only about 3% of our planet's weight of gold.
- The sun contains about 30% of our planet's weight of platinum.
- If you have time to do the maths, I think you will find here the same is true for other metals.
The best thing to do is probably to compare graphs of elemental abundance of the earth, and of the sun, and multiply by weight, as the earth contains a lot of heavy elements compared to further away planets.
It is estimated that the mass of the average newborn star is between 1 and 10% of baryonic elements held in a surrounding dust cloud that later forms an accretion disc.
It's my understanding that 90+ percent of the accretion disk falls into the star, depending on the star's mass compared to that of the cloud, and the rest of the metals and other elements have time to condensate into ice and asteroids and planets. I am told that about 1 percent of our solar system's composition was originally held in the dust cloud, and 99% was in the sun.
Currently, the elements in our solar system measure no more than 500 earth masses in all the planets and the Oort cloud. And the sun is 330 000 earth masses.
This means that less than 0.15 of the solar system currently lies outside of the sun. The other 85 or 850% of the original accretion disk with all its metals must have fallen into the sun, if we follow the rule that 1 to 10% of a new born star is found in its surrounding dust cloud.
Here is a list of elemental abundance for our galaxy and our solar system that is fairly interesting, I didn't find more precise figures.