Questions tagged [general-relativity]
Questions about relativistic theory of gravity. General relativity describes gravity as a geometrical property of space and time.
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Is it accurate to say that general relativity reduces to Newton (inverse square law) since both are derived using geometry?
I once asked a similar question and got a very good mathematical answer, but I'm trying to find one that doesn't involve equations for a lay person. I have been reading how Einstein had to develop the ...
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Question about how it's possible for black holes to have gravity and a possible resolution [duplicate]
1. Assumptions
1.a: gravity propagates at c (maximum)
1.b: gravitational fields cause time dilation
1.c: escape velocity at the event horizon is c
1.d: gravity "warps" space-time, but in ...
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Which static spherically symmetric perfect fluid solutions of Einstein field equations are known to be suitable for stellar models?
Wikipedia's (Static spherically symmetric perfect fluid) short list ends in 2005 and lists only in total 5 such solutions. Does somebody know more?
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Concerning a binary system of stars/planets/black holes could one of them be ejected before eventually merging or colliding?
I was having a discussion with an undergraduate student of physics about binaries and their interactions with external celestial bodies (which could cause the ejection of one of the members in the ...
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Gravitational recoil with stars/planets...?
When two black holes are merging, the resulting merge can be ejected if one of the black holes had less mass than the other one, so the gravitational waves emitted by both of them is unbalanced, and ...
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If astronomers didn't know about redshift could we still determine the universe is expanding?
What other evidence is there for the expansion of the universe?
Would the equations of physics look wrong without it?
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Modelling dark energy as a potential?
Dark energy is the cosmological constant.However can we model dark energy as some form of field with a corresponding potential?
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bent space-time by Energy can radiate gravitational-wave?
as we know , both mass and energy can bend space-time , and we know that accelerate mass can radiate gravitational-wave , but my question is that :
bent space-time by energy can also radiate ...
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What's the relation between the parallax distance and the luminosity distance?
I have read that Riess and his team are able to measure $H_0$ from supernovae calibrated using Cepheid in a model independent way.
from what I have gathered they find the absolute luminosity of ...
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Can the cosmological constant be coupled to redshift of radiation
Can space-time be more embedded with the things inside it than we actually think?Can the redshift of radiation be a property of spacetime and that dark energy exists only to conserve the overall ...
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What is the minimum amount of dark matter to start controlled nuclear fusion in nature?
In large spaces where there is a lot of dark matter, Stars are born in groups and not alone, so what is the minimum amount of dark matter to start controlled nuclear fusion in nature?
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How far can a gravitational-wave pass through space?
Is there any equation which shows how far a train of gravitational waves will travel from a source until it loses its ripples and amplitude?
The wave train will lose energy as it travels. It has a ...
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Does the other side of the Big Bang factor into JWST observations?
Our (roughly) 13.6 billion light year view to the point of origin (big bang) is just along a radial axis. Assuming most matter ejected in a (roughly) spherical pattern, the diameter of the universe is ...
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Is Webb or any near-future telescopes like ELT capable of observing redshift changes to confirm General Relativity?
The (Davis and Lineweaver (2003)) "Expanding Confusion" paper states that "the expected change in redshift due to cosmological acceleration or deceleration is only ∆z ∼ 10^(−8) over 100 ...
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When two galaxies with dark matter halos merge do they provide evidence for fermionic or bosonic dark matter?
If dark matter is made from fermions these should collide and cause dark matter to become denser in some places than others Bosons wont collide in this way so there should a different effect .So is ...
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When gravitational waves pass through a star or gas cloud do they cause mixing of plasma and gas?
Does the compression and stretching of space stir up molecules and atoms?
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Gravitational wave intereference
Is it possible to conduct a hypothetical experiment where gravitational wave interference occurs and where areas of constructive and destructive gravitational wave interference are present? If such ...
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Gravitational-Wave Strain and Power (watt/square metre)
If we detect a gravitational wave with a strain of, for example, $h=10^{-20}$, what is the flux of power carried by this wave, in SI units, $W/m^2$ ?
How can flux of power be calculated for a given ...
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Does MOND change general relativity?
Newton's inverse square law appears in General relativity for small masses . Since MOND uses 1/radius instead of 1/radius squared has General relativity been modified to accommodate this?
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Does the (relative) distance of the photon sphere from the center of a black hole vary according its mass?
I know that the photon circle or photon sphere is located at around 1.5 times the radius of the Schwarzschild event horizon, but wouldn't it be comparatively further out for smaller black holes?
After ...
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Do you need to understand the detailed mathematics of general relativity to be a professional astronomer?
Could I become an astronomer by understanding how to use the main results of general relativity such as cosmological redshift or would I need to understand the whole theory?
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Do tidal forces on moons cause them to emit gravitational waves?
As moons orbit planets, they get squashed by uneven gravitational forces acting on them. Does this make a moon emit gravitational waves?
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What does it exactly mean for spacetime to have no global symmetries?
Are there spacetimes or metrics with no global symmetries? Spacetimes/metrics with no global Poincaré, Lorentz, diffeomorphism, CPT, translational and gauge invariances?
And if there are, what does it ...
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Non-homogeneous and anisotropic metric and laws of physics...?
In this popular science article, they say that if our universe resulted to be non-uniform (that is highly anisotropic and inhomogeneous) then the fundamental laws of physics could change from place to ...
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Spacetimes where symmetries vary from place to place?
Are there spacetimes or metrics where symmetries (like Poincaré, Lorentz, diffeomorphism, translational... invariances) are only local and the symmetries of one local neighbourhood are not, a priori, ...
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Are there non-smooth metrics for spacetime (that don't involve singularities)?
I found this statement in a discussion about the application of local Lorentz symmetry in spacetime metrics:
Lorentz invariance holds locally in GR, but you're right that it no longer applies ...
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How would "dark matter", subject only to gravity, behave?
If we were to hypothesise that the Universe contained a significant mass of "dark matter" particles subject only to gravity, presumably general relativity would give us a good idea of how ...
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Other Hubble spheres with no Lorentz symmetry?
Perhaps this may be a stupid question but anyways here it goes...
If the Lorentz symmetry is not global but rather local, wouldn't that mean that is possible that other Hubble spheres outside our ...
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Does the expansion of space stretch the space-time fabric?
This question appeared to me when I was thinking about General Relativity. During the expansion of space, the space in which particles reside is expanded. Now, general relativity states gravity is the ...
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Problem with the Orbital Precession predicted by the Relativistic Acceleration equation used in the JPL D440-D441 Ephemerides - please advise
I have previously encountered a problem with the equation used by Yeomans and others for determining the gravitational acceleration of comets (see update in my answer to the previous question Can ...
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How do two black holes merge?
Since at the Event Horizon, time stops completely, how do two black holes merge together?
Shouldn't they should stop moving due to time dilation when they get closer to each other's Schwarzschild ...
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Kinetic energy in cosmology?
Spacetime expands at an accelerated rate due to the Hubble flow. In many papers that I've read, objects coupled to the Hubble flow are treated as if they have some velocity and kinetic energy ...
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Viewing black holes?
How could you possibly see a black hole when there are stars etc in front of it and then the matter being drawn into it , all you would view surely would be the objects in front of the black hole ?
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Can objects join the Hubble flow for a given amount of time and then somehow abandon it?
When two objects (e.g. two galaxies) are sufficiently far apart, they join the Hubble flow and they get further away from each other. Normally, this would last "forever" (until, from the ...
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Light or neutrinos graze or pass through the Sun and arrive at Earth - need an expression for Sun's gravitational effect on observation direction/time
Skyfield's Github has discussion Jupiter hiccup #815 which then links back to to Non-physical gravitational deflection corrections for Solar System bodies #734.
The script and plot from #815 are shown ...
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Observable Speed of objects orbiting a black hole
This is a mostly hypothetical question and thought experiment, and I am aware of some aspects plausibility of it are open for debate. Also, this is Version 2 of the question, as the first question was ...
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Deviations of conservation laws in the context of cosmological evolution?
If energy is "not conserved" in General Relativity (or at least, it is difficult to define it) in the context of an accelerating expanding spacetime (like it happens in our Universe), are ...
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Parker Solar Probe and clock correction
Due to the dynamic changes in speed and the value of the gravitational field in which the Parker Solar Probe stays, the clocks should have the errors due to relativistic effects.
https://physics....
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Planck epoch and time dilation
I guess this question can be broken down into three consecutive parts:
Does general relativity apply during the Planck Epoch?
If yes, does the gravitational time dilation prediction apply during the ...
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Order of magnitude of this phase space invariant?
So I wanted know the order of magnitude of this phase space invariant (equation $3.31a$ )$R$ in our universe (FLRW metric):
$$R = \int_{p} \frac{\mathcal{N}(x,p,t)}{\mathcal{E}} dp_x dp_y dp_z$$
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In between Classical Gravitational Deflection (2GM/rv^2) and General Relativity (4GM/rc^2)
While researching online I've found two expressions for the angle of deflection by gravitational lensing:
$\dfrac{2GM}{rv^2},$ Classical(Newtonian) prediction
$\dfrac{4GM}{rc^2},$ Relativistic ...
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How can we see black holes collapse if time inside the event horizon is infinite?
My understanding is that if you fell into a black hole, i.e. crossing the event horizon time would be speed up infinitely fast. This means I could see my whole galaxy die, new blackholes develop and ...
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Does the presence of dark matter in the Milky Way significantly distort our parallax based measurements of distance?
According to accepted astronomical wisdom, dark matter represents a large fraction of the total mass of the Milky Way. And thanks to Papa Einstein, we know that light rays can be bent when passing ...
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Why is the ring in this simulation of Sgr A* off center?
In the recent releases of images of Sgr A*, simulated versions of what they expected were included along side the actual images they were able to get. What confuses me about these simulated images (...
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Doubt regarding size and shape of black hole images published by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT)
The recent publications of the images of black hole shadow by the Event Horizon Telescope collaboration prompts us to study black hole images in more details. According to the no-hair theorem, the ...
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How does general relativity explain gravity?
General relativity explains that gravity is the curving of spacetime by massive objects. This makes sense, like when I throw a ball, it follows the curve of spacetime, which is towards the center of ...
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Are toroidal black holes hypothetically possible?
Since toroidal planet are hypothetically possible, albeit very unlikely to actually exist, can we extend this idea to black holes? Would these unstable bodies work atleast on paper?
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Do Einstein's ten field equations use 20 or 40 variables? (2 or 4 for each tensor equation?)
One site I came across says Einstein's 10 Field Equations use 20 variables, while another said 40.
There are four variables in spacetime - three for space and one for time, right?
But there are two ...
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Does the Schwarzschild metric solution require two (A and B, or g11 and g44) or four components (g11, g22, g33 and g44)?
Different places on the web imply that Schwarzschild's metric uses four components or separate equations, similar to how Einstein's full set requires 6 or 10, or they say only two are needed. Is it 2 ...
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Post-Keplerian orbital parameters; is there a generally accepted set with definitions?
Strong-Field Gravity Tests with the Double Pulsar is a pretty big deal! 16 years of precision timing including "timing parallax" via VLBI has provided a dataset for which analysis requires (...
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