Questions tagged [terminology]
Questions regarding specific terms, names, or naming conventions.
116
questions
3
votes
0answers
177 views
Did a watch company really try to sue radio astronomers for using the word "pulsar"? If so, which astronomers?
After about 48:37 in the really wonderful video Jocelyn Bell Burnell Special Public Lecture: The Discovery of Pulsars (linked below) Dr. Bell Burnell describes the ...
10
votes
3answers
1k views
What's the meaning of virial in Astronomy, and in particular the expression "a virialized cluster of galaxies"?
The virial theorem relates the kinetic energy of a system to the total potential energy of the system:
$
\Delta K = -\frac{1}{2}\Delta V
$
so it has lots of uses in mechanics, thermodynamics and ...
12
votes
4answers
3k views
Milky Way vs Milky Way Galaxy
I saw this question on Quizlet which said:
What is the difference between the Milky Way and the Milky Way Galaxy?
And the answer was:
The Milky Way is a fairly narrow band of faint diffuse light ...
3
votes
1answer
91 views
Why do some call the no-hair conjecture the no-hair theorem?
This excellent answer to Why would a black hole's magnetic hair being short-lived not violate the no-hair conjecture, but long-lived hair would? How long is “long-lived”? has got me thinking because ...
-2
votes
1answer
71 views
Why are white dwarfs being classified as compact objects instead of black dwarfs?
Why are white dwarfs being classified as compact objects instead of black dwarfs? As a black dwarf is the end stage of a white dwarf.
2
votes
1answer
172 views
What is the difference between the terms collision and merger? How are they used differently in Astronomy?
We often hear of mergers of two stellar objects but we also sometimes talk about these or much smaller objects like planets or asteroids colliding.
What is the actual differences between Astronomy and ...
2
votes
4answers
316 views
What are the differences between astronomy and cosmology?
Are astronomy and cosmology same? If not, what are the differences? And which one is greater in terms of subject area?
3
votes
1answer
177 views
The sun "burns" hydrogen and even has "campfires" on it, but has anyone calculated a rate of actual chemical burning on the Sun?
Answers to Hydrogen burning vs Hydrogen fusing explain that in astrophysics "burning" generally refers to nuclear fusion or at least nuclear reactions1, and information at
Why didn't we ...
17
votes
2answers
2k views
Hydrogen burning vs Hydrogen fusing
Does the term "Hydrogen burning" mean the same as "Hydrogen fusing" in astronomy? If not, then what is the product of "Hydrogen burning"? Assume the product of "...
2
votes
0answers
29 views
About the formation of ultra diffuse galaxies (UDGs), what are "failed L∗ galaxies"?
Recent studies show that ultra diffuse galaxies or UDGs were formed by tidally disturbed dwarf galaxies and failed L∗ galaxies.
So I've been searching for the failed L∗ galaxies but can't find what it ...
3
votes
2answers
157 views
How is phase defined in a binary orbit with eccentricity?
Are orbital phases of the black spot in the figure measured from some angle or time/period?
Usually, how is phase=0 defined? It is relative to the line of apses perhaps with phase=0 at periastron?
Any ...
2
votes
2answers
123 views
Is the difference between LIGO & Virgo and their "Advanced" versions really generational, or were these just planned incremental upgrades?
I just learned the term "third generation gravitational wave detector" in answers to What would a kHz gravitational wave detector look like? (mountains on millisecond magnetars) How would it ...
3
votes
1answer
281 views
What exactly is "the rotating lighthouse model" in the context of a double pulsar?
The introduction to Testing the rotating lighthouse model with the double pulsar system PSR J0737-3039A/B (open access) says:
The double pulsar system PSR J0737-3039A/B was discovered by Burgay et al....
2
votes
1answer
68 views
Is Sofia a radio telescope proper?
I usually think of SOFIA, the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy as an infrared optical telescope:
SOFIA uses a 2.5 m (8.2 ft) reflector telescope, which has an oversized, 2.7 m (8.9 ft)...
2
votes
0answers
53 views
How can the CMB have a "monopole anisotropy"?
Wikipedia's Cosmic Microwave Background (CMBR) radiation monopole anisotropy (ℓ = 0) says
When ℓ = 0, the ${\displaystyle Y(\theta ,\varphi )}{\displaystyle Y(\theta ,\varphi )}$ term reduced to 1, ...
4
votes
1answer
622 views
What is the mnemonic reason behind b being galactic latitude? (in the Galactic Coordinates frame)
I'm not sure if this is a question that has been posted before, and I'm also not sure if the answer is really mnemonic. If that's the case, I'd like to understand why we assigned $b$ to latitude ...
4
votes
2answers
102 views
How are image credits expressed in Astronomy presentations?
Sorry if this is a stupid question. I'm preparing an astronomy presentation, and I want to make sure I give credits where credits are due. But I see credits appear in different formats, for example:
...
6
votes
2answers
188 views
What is the antonym of "closest approach"?
The distance from Earth to Mars, during their closest approach, is about 55 million kilometers.
At their furthest apart, that distance would be about 401 million kilometers.
Distance
at closest ...
0
votes
1answer
87 views
Defining a nautical mile
Astronomy is new to me so my question might be stupid: I read that a nautical mile is defined as one minute of latitude along any line of longitude. What if it was the other way round, i.e. one minute ...
1
vote
1answer
107 views
Are there actual asteroids in the Oort cloud?
This answer to At what annual rate are new exoplanets being recognized? How does it compare to new asteroids? shows that the rate of new asteroid discovery is roughly two orders of magnitude higher ...
3
votes
1answer
25 views
Timing based on upper or lower part of sun/moon
When you time an astronomical event, such as the moon/sun rising above the horizon, do you note the time when the the first sliver breeches the horizon or when the bottom of the moon/sun just becomes ...
4
votes
1answer
198 views
How many solar system objects that can really qualify as a KBO are likely to enter Pluto's Hill sphere each day?
A comment below Which celestial body is able to come closest to Pluto? says that
Technically, many, many small Kuiper belt objects enter Pluto's Hill Sphere (or sphere of influence SOI) every day.
...
2
votes
2answers
134 views
How does one go about submitting a name for a newly-discovered lunar crater?
Suppose I discover an uncatalogued crater on the lunar surface, and decide to name it. How would I submit my proposed name to the IAU?
0
votes
0answers
38 views
How does one go about naming a lunar crater? [duplicate]
Suppose I discover an uncatalogued crater on the lunar surface, and decide to name it. How would I submit my proposed name to the IAU?
3
votes
1answer
91 views
What happened to the 2017 proposal on redefining planethood? Is this information available?
In 2017, Alan Stern et al. submitted a geophysical planet definition to the IAU for review which states
“A planet is a sub-stellar mass body that has never undergone nuclear fusion and that has ...
1
vote
1answer
100 views
Launch windows for Venus transit; how to convert heliocentric longitudes to date?
Being a bit familiar with celestial mechanics, I know that the Hohmann transfer orbit is the quickest way to transfer between two circular orbits of different radii around a central body in the same ...
5
votes
1answer
68 views
Does "spectral type" and "stellar classification" refer to the same thing?
Should the tags stellar-classification and spectral-type be merged? has been asked in meta two weeks ago. It requires some careful consideration but so far no response has been forthcoming, so I'm ...
6
votes
3answers
986 views
"Periapsis" or "Periastron"?
I was taught from Bate Mueller and White, that the proper terms for the closest and furthest points and distances from a body in orbit around another unspecified body are "periapsis" and &...
13
votes
8answers
11k views
Do our sun and moon have names?
We seem to have named every moon orbiting other planets. Why haven't we named our own moon? And for that matter, why doesn't our sun have a name since we name or number stars?
1
vote
0answers
35 views
Are falling evaporating bodies (FEBs) and exocomets the same thing? How does one know they're falling and evaporating?
Looking for a (short) list of comets with heliocentric escape velocity I stumbled upon Wikipedia's exocoments which like exoplanets, are bound to other stars. I should have been looking for "...
1
vote
1answer
216 views
What exactly is a Hamiltonian telescope? Is this one?
This comment on the current answer to Why is this telescope so short? How hard is it to make such a fast primary? says
In this forum topic Borisov appears to call it an f/1.5 Hamiltonian.
Wikipedia'...
1
vote
1answer
73 views
Does the Honey moon have a precession problem?
In Steven Colbert's interview with Neil deGrasse Tyson after about 03:16 the following is explained:
But wait, all the moons - all the full moons of the year have ...
16
votes
3answers
3k views
What are "non-Keplerian" orbits? What are some familiar examples in our solar system, and can some still be closed?
This excellent answer to Forms of stellar orbits around the galactic center invokes the following concepts:
non-Keplerian orbits
closed orbits
I have a fairly good idea what these mean and so might ...
1
vote
1answer
48 views
Is there an antonym for 'transit', i.e. the transit of a celestial body through the meridian
I'm writing software to calculate the rising, transit, and setting of a body on the celestial sphere for a specific location and date. It seems to me that the opposite of transit, at least in the case ...
4
votes
1answer
88 views
What exactly are "H30α and He30α images"? (ALMA)
I ran across this paper's title η Carinae: high angular resolution continuum, H30α and He30α ALMA images (arXiv) and see that the body of the paper also mentions "H40α, H30α and H29α".
What ...
26
votes
1answer
4k views
Is lithium considered a metal in astronomy?
My lecture notes are conflicting on this issue so I seek definitive clarification. In Astronomy, are metals either
A: the elements which form within stars (i.e., not Big Bang nucleosynthesis, where ...
2
votes
2answers
111 views
Can a pulsar also be a magnetar?
I know this is a simplistic question, but I cannot find a straight answer...
Also, is it possible most or all neutron stars are magnetars and/or pulsars? It's just hard to see all of their properties ...
1
vote
0answers
21 views
Are the terms "PG 1159 star" and "pre-white dwarf" synonymous?
Are the terms "pre-white dwarf" (as in Gies et al. 2020, "Spectroscopic Detection of the Pre-White Dwarf Companion of Regulus") and "PG 1159 star" (as described, e.g. in ...
9
votes
1answer
784 views
What do the words "p-type" and "s-type" mean?
As explained in various sources (such as that answer), a planet in an s-type orbit orbits one of the stars of a binary star system, whereas a planet in a p-type orbit orbits both stars. A synonym for ...
6
votes
1answer
160 views
Clarification of radio spectrum terminology
For a radio spectrum, when is it called thermal emission, synchrotron emission, self-absorbed synchrotron emission and inverted spectrum? They are all power-law and their difference is power-law index?...
7
votes
2answers
356 views
What does "additive fringing from the (multiplicative) twilights" mean?
The question How can I make the fringing pattern visible in my flat (twilight) images for filter i? includes:
I have a bunch of twilight flats that have been preprocessed (dark, bias, overscan etc.)...
1
vote
0answers
93 views
Why is the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (WFIRST) coronagraph considered "(beyond-)state-of-the-art"?
After about 01:30 in the NASA video NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope: Broadening Our Cosmic Horizons the narrator says:
To deepen its study of exoplanets ...
4
votes
1answer
128 views
When was Hubble tension first noticed? When was this term first used?
When was Hubble tension first noticed? When was this term first used? Who used this term for the first time?
3
votes
2answers
158 views
Why are helium resonance lines called "resonance lines"?
Examples of the use of the term:
Formation of the helium extreme-UV resonance lines
On the Formation of the Resonance Lines of Helium in the Sun (unpaywalled)
Formation of the helium EUV resonance ...
2
votes
1answer
201 views
Do Astronomers really never call Lagrangian points "libration points"?
In this answer to Who called the Lagrangian points as “Libration” points and and why was the terminology “Libration” used? I described my feeling that Lagrangian points were also sometimes called &...
4
votes
1answer
126 views
Astronomical Term *Mezzocielo*
What is the name of the point of intersection of the great circle passing through the celestial north pole P and the Zenith Z, with the celestial equator? (Point T in the figure)
In Italian this point ...
1
vote
1answer
85 views
What exactly is a "conclusive association" in Astronomy?
Phys.org's Astronomers use slime mold model to reveal dark threads of the cosmic web says
A computational approach inspired by the growth patterns of a bright yellow slime mold has enabled a team of ...
1
vote
0answers
79 views
What is the opposite of the vernal point?
The equator and the ecliptic cross at two nodes. One of those nodes is the vernal point. What is the other one called?
5
votes
1answer
176 views
Is there a distinction between NEOs and near-Earth asteroids? Is there a difference?
My "real question" is in Space Exploration Meta (neo (near-earth-object) and near-earth-asteroid tags, do we need both?), but I think that astronomers will be able to help understand the situation and ...
3
votes
1answer
113 views
When we say a variable star is "fainting" does it mean something more or different than "dimming" or "fading"?
A comment below the question Does the current “fainting” of Betelgeuse show any spectral trends that differ from it's normal variability? suggests that "dimming" would be a better term, but I have a ...