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An effect, but not a noticeable effect. Wikipedia gives a formula for the frame-dragging in a a Kerr metric: $$\Omega = \frac{r_{s} \alpha c}{r^{3} + \alpha^{2} r + r_{s} \alpha^{2}}$$ where $\Omega$ is the angular speed that the frame of reference rotates at, $r$ is the orbital radius (70 billion metres for Mercury), $r_s$ is the Schwartzchild radius of the ...

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Yes, this is pretty much exactly how Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) works. It is observed that Newtonian mechanics works very well for large accelerations, but an ad hoc correction function to Newtonian gravity is proposed at small accelerations. This function can be tuned such that the rotation curves of galaxies can be explained without the need for ...

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Well, to quote wikipedia, it's a matter of personal and historical perspective whom to credit (most): Depending on geographical or historical preferences, the set of the four scientists – Alexander Friedmann, Georges Lemaître, Howard P. Robertson and Arthur Geoffrey Walker – are customarily grouped as Friedmann or Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) or ...

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