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The answer is: both, but for different contexts. The HR diagram is used to display the properties of observed stars. A point on the diagram represents a star with a certain effective temperature and luminosity, which can be interpreted as being indicative of the stage of development of the star. Equivalently, the diagram can be expressed in terms of ...

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For this, its important to understand how temperature increases in a star. Inside a stellar core, there are two forces that are balancing each other out to keep the star in equilibrium. The core pressure that is due to photons generated by chemical reactions inside the core forces the stellar atmosphere outwards (also called radiation pressure) while the ...

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There is a rich variety of types of stellar evolution models. The modern model of a star is the spherically symmetric quasi-static gas assumed to be in local thermodynamic equilibrium (Chandrasekhar, 1967). There are four equations for how mass, pressure, temperature, and luminosity vary with radius as the star's thermal and radiative pressures support its ...

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