Do massive OB stars accrete mass the same way as the black holes they turn into do?

Question

It is often said, in spite of sci fi often having illustrated the opposite, that stellar mass black holes do not gravitationally attract material in their environment into themselves anymore than a star with similar mass does. But how and why do blue stars of about 8-10 or more Solar masses which turn into black holes, change how frequently and observably they accrete material from their environment when they transform into BH? Maybe because the supernova ejects material, some of which doesn't get far and is re-accreted when the stellar wind ceases?

BH's are visible when they have active accretion disks. Do massive O and B stars also have such accretion disks as frequently?

Answer 1

Many, if not all, stars will, in their birth phase, have an accretion disk, or circumstellar disk, around them, formed of the material from which the star forms. This disk dissipates in a few million years, both due to the material accreting onto the star, due to material being blown away by radiation pressure, possibly assisted by dust grains, and due to depletion of the material to rocks and planets. Friction in the disk causes it to heat up and be observable in the infrared. After this phase, the star usually won't have an accretion disk. That is, until they die.

As you suggest, a star that later on goes supernova can accrete matter from its "reverse shock", i.e. matter that is falling back due to the shockwave hitting the surrounding interstellar medium. More often, though (I think), will the accretion disk be made of material from a companion star: If one star of a binary system turns into a black hole, and then the other star starts to evolve into a red giant, threspassing the Roche limit, it will transfer matter to the black hole.

As you say, the black hole's mass isn't stronger than the original star's mass, and thus the gravity at a given distance is also not stronger (in fact it's smaller, since it has blown out most of its mass in the explosion). However, due to its much smaller size, the accreting matter can come much closer before being sucked in. Coming much closer means being in a much steeper gravitational potential and reaching much higher speeds, i.e. being heated to much higher temperatures. Hence, black hole accretion disks can be detected in X-rays

Answer 2

The size of the accretion disc in a black-hole binary system is calculated to be less than 1000000km. This is less than to the size of large stars (eg Spica at about 10000000km diameter). In other words, the accretion disc for a large star would be smaller than the star itself.