Could some stars be orbiting galaxies in outward spirals instead of perfectly round circulation? Patterns of matter movement relate strongly to the galaxy centre.
A special relationship between the galaxy and the central object suggest the centre may be an origin point in 'outflow'. The BH central object behaves strangely by instigating the release outwardly of massive amounts of matter. This may form stars that spiral out across the galaxy. The grand design of features in galaxies may related to general outward spiralling.
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1$\begingroup$ This "outflow" is gas, not stars. The spiral pattern of disk galaxies has nothing to do with the outflow, but is density waves with enhanced star formation (and exists also in galaxies without an active nucleus). $\endgroup$– pelaCommented Jun 19, 2017 at 13:49
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$\begingroup$ Out-sprialling stars would need an energy input to "push" them out. There's no dynamics I know if that allows for such a thing. $\endgroup$– zephyrCommented Jun 19, 2017 at 16:49
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Basically, yes, it's possible. Our moon is slowly moving away due to energy transfers from Earth related to tidal drag. This is very slow spiral.
I do not know whether a star can experience sufficient tidal drag relative to the center of its galaxy to cause a change in orbit - and there are a few billion other objects in the galaxy producing gravitational force in other directions, making the analysis kind of messy.
answered Jun 19, 2017 at 12:22
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$\begingroup$ Your analogy with the moon is not really relevant to stars orbiting in the galaxy at all. $\endgroup$– zephyrCommented Jun 19, 2017 at 16:47
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$\begingroup$ @zephyr please quantify the failure $\endgroup$ Commented Jun 19, 2017 at 16:54
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$\begingroup$ Assuming particulate dark matter exists, then stars orbiting within a galaxy will experience dynamical friction, which will cause them to (very, very slowly) spiral inwards. This will take many times the age of the universe to have much of an effect, however. $\endgroup$ Commented Jun 21, 2017 at 9:09
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$\begingroup$ The outward trajectory of stars is achieved from escaping the centre in this proposal. The outflow process from around the central object, powered by the SMBH, forms into stars in places like the Torus. That continues moving away from the centre. This would create a causality between that central object and the mass of the galaxy and a sedentary system of star forming (producing unified orbit and speed). $\endgroup$– S. KneenCommented Jun 21, 2017 at 13:00