I thought of this question after pondering how most of the observable universe is observable. If we can observe it, then the space between us and that object must have been unoccupied to allow the photons to travel uninterrupted.
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$\begingroup$ Welcome. There's more or less attenuation even in space and "anything" aren't distributed equally. $\endgroup$– user34599Commented Aug 9, 2020 at 22:55
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1$\begingroup$ somewhat related: If I had a long stick that was millions of light years long, and with a width of about the Sun, and I then swiped it through the center of the milky way galaxy, what would the probability be of me hitting a star? $\endgroup$– uhohCommented Aug 9, 2020 at 23:29
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Indeed this is correct. Photons can travel distances greater than the radius of the observable universe without interacting with matter. This has been true ever since the period know as "recombination" when electrons became bound to hydrogen and helium nuclei. Prior to that time there were lots of free electrons that could interact with light. After that time the electrons became bound to protons, and the electrically neutral gas was effectively transparent. We can still see the photons emitted at that time, although now they have been cooled by the expansion of the universe and appear in the microwave part of the radio spectrum (This is called the cosmic microwave background)
Now the matter in the universe is concentrated into galaxies within galaxies it is consentrated into stars, so the mean free path of photons in the universe is still much larger than the scale of the universe.
The region that is very distant is also very far back in time, and before recombination we can't "see" because the universe was "foggy" because of the free electrons. Most of what we know about the universe before this time is inferred from observations of how matter behaves at high energies,
